"My People Like it That Way"
		
      
      
          "A horrible and shocking thing has happened in this 
		land-- the prophets give false prophecies, and the priests rule with an 
		iron hand. And worse yet, my people like it that way! But what will you 
		do when the end comes?
      —Jeremiah 5:26-31; New Living Translation.
      
      
      The Watchtower 
		 
      has for many years noted the horrible and shocking conditions inside the 
      churches of Christendom. For example, the  
		
      issue of 
      January 15, 1960, 
      page 40, 
      had this to say: 
      
           "The fruits of 
      Christendom’s religious confusion are to be seen in its rising rate of 
      crime, its juvenile delinquency and its alarming increase in divorce and 
      godlessness. It is all what Jehovah foretold for ungodly Christendom in 
		these “last days.”
      (Matt. 7:15-23; 
      2 Tim. 3:1-7; Jer. 5:29-31) 
      (bold mine)
      
      "Millions of 
      people from nearly every religion and sect of Christendom have been led to 
      believe that they are “born again” and “saved.” Unblushing politicians 
      blithely make the same claim. Yes, their favorite preachers tell them that 
      they are at peace with God because they are “saved”—and this in spite of 
      their religious, political, and nationalistic divisions! And the people 
      love it, even as they did in Jeremiah’s day! (Jeremiah 
      5:31; 14:14) 
      They think they are beyond the 
      reach of God’s Armageddon judgment.—Jeremiah 6:14; 23:17; 
      1 Corinthians 1:10; Revelation 16:14, 16."
      —w88 4/1 pp. 
		17-18, Christendom Exposed as the Promoter of False Worship
      (bold mine)
      
      Also, under the heading “Praise Jah, You People!” we are told:
      "In fulfillment of Bible prophecy, horrible things have been happening 
      in Christendom. (Compare Jeremiah 5:30-31; 23:14.) Largely 
      because of the permissive attitude of the clergy, their flocks are riddled 
      with immorality. In the United States, supposedly a Christian nation, 
      about half of all marriages end up in divorce. Teenage pregnancies and 
      homosexuality run riot among church members. Priests are sexually abusing 
      young children—and not in just a few instances. . .Christendom 
      has disregarded the apostle Paul’s warning found at 1 Corinthians 6:9-10: 
      “What! Do you not know that unrighteous persons will not inherit God’s 
      kingdom? Do not be misled. Neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor 
      adulterers, nor men kept for unnatural purposes, nor men who lie with men, 
      nor thieves, nor greedy persons, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor extortioners will inherit God’s kingdom.”
      —The 
      Watchtower 1996, 
      April 1, pages 18-19.
      (bold mine)
      
      When Jehovah instructed Jeremiah to write that 
      "among my people are 
      wicked men," who did he have 
      in mind by saying "my people?" Is he denouncing the people of 
      Christendom? (see the Box "Is Jehovah also the God of Christendom?") Amos, 
      one of Jehovah's prophets, 
      answers, "Hear this word that Jehovah has spoken concerning YOU, O sons of 
      Israel, concerning the whole family that I brought up out of the land of 
      Egypt, saying, ‘YOU people only have I known out of all the families of 
      the ground. That is why I shall hold an accounting against YOU for all 
      YOUR errors." (Amos 3:1,2) Jehovah acknowledged only the sons of Israel as 
      his people, and as such he was holding them accountable for all their 
      sins, the horrible things they were guilty of committing. But before he 
      was going to act in a frightful way against them he revealed their errors and his intention to do something about it. For that reason he raised 
      up his prophets, as Amos writes, "If a horn is blown in a 
      city, do not also the people themselves tremble? If a calamity occurs in 
      the city, is it not also Jehovah who has acted? For the Sovereign Lord 
      Jehovah will not do a thing unless he has revealed his confidential matter 
      to his servants the prophets." (Amos 3:6-7)
      
      Jehovah does not execute his judgment upon his people, or anyone else for 
      that matter, unless he first presents all the evidence against them, just as in a court 
      of law, for all to see. It is as Isaiah 3:13-14 says, "The LORD 
      takes his place in court. He is the great prosecuting attorney, presenting 
      his case against his people! The leaders and the princes will be the first 
      to feel the LORD's judgment." (NLT)
      
      How do we respond to the case that Jehovah is now presenting against us? 
      Do we dismiss the evidence, saying it applies to others, for example, to the 
      members of Christendom's churches? Are we also claiming that 
      Jehovah's people are in Christendom, thereby rejecting any charges that 
      God is bringing against us? If we insist that we are God's people then we must 
      also apply all the scriptures that Jehovah addresses to his people as 
      applying to us. And he tells us that there are shocking and horrible 
      things being done in our midst. Our marriage breakups are as high, if not 
      higher in some places, as they are in Christendom. (Jer. 5:8-9) We have 
      men in responsible positions getting their names published in the Newspapers because of 
      sexually abusing children in their midst. There have been Jehovah's 
      Witness murderers mentioned, extortionists fleecing elderly sisters of 
      their savings, etc. There is nothing rotten 
      happening in the churches of Christendom that is not also happening among 
      us. 
      
      But there are "horrible" things being done in our case, that are not even 
      being done in Christendom. Yes, Jehovah says that 
      among his own people there are "wicked men who lie in wait for victims like a hunter hiding in a 
      blind." Who are these wicked men, and how 
      are they "continually 
      setting traps for other people?" 
      (Jer. 5:26-31)  
      
      They are the ones who lie in wait, set traps, for any among us who might 
      have doubts about their teachings, due to some contradictions because of not being solidly based on God's Word. At one time such ones 
      were helped to reason on the Scriptures, but for the last few 
      decades these doubters have been harshly dealt with. The disciple Jude, a 
      brother of James, wrote to those "loved in relationship with God the 
      Father and preserved for Jesus Christ" this counsel: "Be helpful to all 
      who may have doubts. Rescue any who need to be saved, as you would rescue 
      someone from a fire. Then with fear in your own hearts, have mercy on 
      everyone who needs it. But hate even the clothes of those who have been 
      made dirty by their filthy deeds." (Jude 1:22-23; Contemporary English 
      Version) 
      
      The wicked hunters among God's people today do not prove to be helpful to 
      any doubters, as rescuing them from a fire, thus saving their lives. (see 
      James 5:19-20) Rather, they lie in wait for any who might entertain some 
      "apostate" ideas. By this they mean anything that is not in agreement with 
      their teachings, never mind if these "apostate" ideas are in harmony with 
      God's own Word. They do not shrink back from disfellowshipping "God's 
      beloved ones," 
      even anointed ones, who "do not believe every inspired expression, but 
      test the inspired expressions to see whether they originate with God." (1 John 4:1; Rom. 1:7) Do they not understand that the sheep belong to 
      Jehovah, and that Christ died for them, and that they will have to render 
      an account to God for how they treated his sheep? (John 21:15-17; Heb. 13:17; James 3:1) Do we see that sort of paranoia in Christendom's 
      churches?
      
      They tolerate no dissent! With what result? They have grown "great 
      and rich," and are "well fed and well groomed." Yes, they are highly esteemed within 
      God's household as if they are prospering because of God's blessing upon 
      them. But do they deserve any respect? Do they genuinely care for the 
      flock,  the ones over whom they are ruling? (1 Peter 5:3) What does Jehovah see? They refuse 
      justice to "orphans," the young ones among us whose spiritual lives are 
      entrusted to the care of the elders. Not a few of them have been abused, sometimes 
      even by congregation 
      servants, who hide such horrible wrongdoing with the mistaken intent of not wanting to 
      bring reproach on God's name. Yet, they are the ones who bring 
      reproach on his name by covering over the wicked deeds and 
      by dealing 
      harshly with the victims, some of whom they have expelled from the 
      congregation for speaking out and revealing some personal abuse they 
      themselves suffered. They ignore the fact that Jehovah has never covered over wrong 
      doing. In fact, he is zealous in exposing it, becoming a "swift witness" 
      against them. (Prov. 28:13; Mal. 3:5; Luke 8:17) They show favoritism. They look 
      down upon the spiritually weak ones whose hours spend in the ministry might be very low, judging 
      them as poor examples, while heaping praises upon the ones rich in 
      hours. (James 2:8-9)
      
      Is Jehovah not taking notice of all these things? He tells us that he is 
      and sees even more terrible things that greatly disturb him. Those who 
      claim to represent him and speak in his name have become powerful by promoting false 
      prophecies. Woe to anyone who dares question the failed predictions. And 
      there are those serving under these "prophets" who rule "with an iron 
      hand." As the 
      
      God’s Word Bible puts it, "Prophets 
      prophesy lies. Priests rule under the prophets’ directions." The cooperation of these "priests" 
      with the "prophets" is not for the 
      benefit of the flock.  The New World Translation says it this way, "and as 
      for the priests, they go subduing according to their power." Yes, those 
      appointed by the prophets have been empowered to subdue, subjugate, 
      bring under control the members within their respective congregations 
      on behalf of the prophets, enforcing their teachings and laws.
      
      The prophets who "give false prophecies" are not Jehovah's prophets. 
      Neither has he empowered any "priests" to  rule over any of his 
      sheep. Then 
      how is it that the prophets and priests have come to wield so much control 
      and authority within God's household, having become great and rich, being 
      well fed and well groomed? In all of the "subduing according to 
      their power" why does Jehovah not mention his 
      anointed king? Where does he fit into all of this? In Jeremiah's day the kings 
      were still ruling although greatly 
      influenced by the princes, prophets and priests. But where is the 
      authority of our king, Christ Jesus, today? Would he not be just as 
      shocked as Jehovah at the situation among God's people? And if he were 
      already ruling, would he be permitting this? As the evidence shows, the prophets 
      and priests have supplanted the rightful king.
       They have 
      seized rulership, albeit claiming with the king's blessing, and they are 
      doing so with harshness, having made themselves "masters over [our] faith."
      (NWT) How unlike the 
      attitude of the apostle Paul, who wrote, "We 
      are not bosses who tell you what to believe. We are working with you to 
      make you glad, because your faith is strong." 
      (2 Cor. 1:24; 
      Contemporary English Version)
      
      What makes everything so much worse, Jehovah says, is that as a whole, his 
      people "like it that way." Yes, it astonishes him that they actually 
      "have loved it that way," the deplorable conditions, heavy 
      handed control and all. (Jeremiah 5:31; New World Translation) 
      There is no outcry from them to Jehovah for aid. They mock any who may be 
      disturbed because of it, for they claim that speaking out 
      against it is the same as speaking against God. After all, if God has 
      allowed it, is that not prove that he is in agreement with it?  And 
      besides, have they not taught us the truth about God and his kingdom? Yes, they have 
      taught us many important truths, but liberally interspersed with their own 
      "truths." Jehovah's allowance of their wickedness and rebellion is 
      no indication that he has been in favor of it. Their tyranny is quickly coming to 
      an end, just as soon as Jesus returns in kingdom power, at a time they do 
      not think to be it. (Matt. 24:44)
      
      It is a very serious matter to reach out for glory or to covet positions that do not belong to us. 
      (Ex. 20:17; Prov. 28:16) Neither 
      Moses, nor Aaron, nor even Christ himself, glorified themselves, nor did 
      they seek any glory. (Num. 12:3; Phil. 2:5-9) In this regard Paul writes: "Also, 
      a man takes this honor, not of his own accord, but only when he is called 
      by God, just as Aaron also [was]. So too the Christ did not glorify 
      himself by becoming a high priest, but [was glorified by him] who spoke 
      with reference to him: 'You are my son; I, today, I have become your 
      father.'" (Heb. 5:4,5)
      
      Let us consider as a warning the example of some who coveted glory that 
      did not belong to them. (1 Cor. 10:11,12) 
Moses, the One Entrusted With All God's House
      It was an historic event when, in 1513 B.C.E., Moses was chosen by Jehovah 
      to lead Jacob's (Israel's) descendants out of Egyptian slavery to freedom, 
      to the good land that God had promised to give to Abraham's offspring. 
      (Gen. 15:18; Ex. 3:1-12) By divine direction Moses first led the people to 
      Mount Sinai, where Jehovah entered into a covenant with his people, with 
      Moses as their mediator. Moses was indeed used in a mighty way by Jehovah. 
      Concerning him Jehovah himself said: “If there came to be a prophet of 
      yours for Jehovah, it would be in a vision I would make myself known to 
      him. In a dream I would speak to him. Not so my servant Moses! He is being 
      entrusted with all my house. Mouth to mouth I speak to him, thus showing 
      him, and not by riddles; and the appearance of Jehovah is what he 
      beholds.” (Num. 12:6-8) 
      
      It was said that "Jehovah spoke to 
      Moses face to face, just as a man would speak to his fellow." (Exodus 
      33:11) Yes, Moses had a relationship with Jehovah that was more intimate 
      than that of any other prophet prior to Jesus Christ. 
      Moses was entrusted 
      with all Jehovah's house. What a privilege! In this he pictured the 
      prophet that he foretold Jehovah would eventually raise up, one greater 
      than Moses. Jehovah foretold: "A 
      prophet I shall raise up for them from the midst of their brothers, like 
      you; and I shall indeed put my words in his mouth, and he will certainly 
      speak to them all that I shall command him. And it must occur that the man 
      who will not listen to my words that he will speak in my name, I shall 
      myself require an account from him." (Deut. 18:18-19)
      
      This foretold prophet proved to be Jesus Christ. (Acts 3:20-23) Jehovah used Moses to foreshadow 
      what Jesus would do, but in a much larger way. Whereas Moses was entrusted 
      with all God's house as a faithful attendant, Jesus would 
      prove to be the master of God's house. This is what the Watchtower 
      says concerning it:
      
      
      "To stress the 
      value of Christian faith, Paul compared Jesus with Moses, whom the Jews 
      viewed as the greatest prophet among their ancestors. If Hebrew Christians 
      could wholeheartedly grasp the fact that Jesus is greater than Moses, they 
      would have no reason to doubt the superiority of Christianity over 
      Judaism. Paul pointed out that while Moses was counted worthy of being 
      entrusted with God’s "house"—the nation, or congregation, of Israel—he was 
      only a faithful attendant, or servant. (Numbers 12:7) On the other hand, 
      Jesus was the Son, the master over the house. (1 Corinthians 11:3; Hebrews 3:2-3, 5) To reinforce his point, Paul cited this universal truth: "Of 
      course, every house is constructed by someone, but he that constructed all 
      things is God." (Hebrews 3:4) No one would dispute that God is greater 
      than anyone, for he is the Builder, or Creator, of all. Logically, then, 
      since Jesus was God’s coworker, he must be greater than all other 
      creation, including Moses.—Proverbs 8:30; Colossians 1:15-17." —w98 
		7/15 p. 11; Beware of a Lack of Faith.
      
      
      As we see,
      Moses was entrusted by Jehovah with all his "house"—the nation, or 
      congregation, of Israel. In this he foreshadowed Jesus Christ. No, Moses did 
      not picture the twelve apostles, as a whole or individually, nor any of the anointed at some future time, individually or as 
      a class. 
      As we see,
      Moses was entrusted by Jehovah with all his "house"—the nation, or 
      congregation, of Israel. In this he foreshadowed Jesus Christ. No, Moses did 
      not picture the twelve apostles, as a whole or individually, nor any of the anointed at some future time, individually or as 
      a class. (For a fuller consideration on how Jesus was like Moses, please 
      see the Box
              "How 
              Was Jesus Christ a Prophet Like Moses?")
      
      
      
      The account in the 
      Book of Numbers tells us that on one occasion Miriam and Aaron began 
      speaking against Moses, having found fault with him on account of the 
      Cushite wife he had taken. So they kept saying, "Is it just by Moses alone 
      that Jehovah has spoken? Is it not by us also that he has spoken?" Miriam 
      and Aaron started to question the authority Jehovah had given Moses; what 
      made him so special? After all, he was just their brother. They wanted to 
      have some of his glory of leading God's people. Jehovah was listening and 
      his "anger got to be hot against them." Miriam was struck with leprosy. 
      Aaron and Moses interceded in behalf of Miriam, Moses crying out to 
      Jehovah, saying: "O God, please! Heal her, please!" Miriam suffered the 
      humiliation of being quarantined outside the camp for seven days, after 
      which Jehovah healed her. (Num. 12:1-15)
      
      Why did Aaron speak out against Moses? Was he not also used by Jehovah in 
      a mighty way, first as Moses' spokesman before Pharaoh, and then also 
      being anointed as the high priest? Jehovah did not smite him, as he had 
      Miriam, because Aaron too was a prophetic type of the Christ, in the 
      capacity of the high priest. He was not stepping outside the bounds of what he 
      foreshadowed, although he should not have spoken against Moses but rather have corrected his sister. 
      
      
      In the case of 
      Moses and Aaron Jehovah was presenting a prophetic scenario, an 
      illustration, a "shadow" that would lead to Christ. (Col. 2:17; compare
      Galatians 4:22-26) All the things that Jehovah did in connection with 
      Moses and Aaron would be fulfilled in the promised Messiah. Any deviation from the role 
      that Moses and Aaron played would detract, yes, make void their prophetic 
      significance. That is why it was so vital for both, Moses and Aaron, to be 
      obedient to God's direction and leading of them, not stepping outside 
      their God assigned roles. (see the Box "Why Was Moses Not 
      Forgiven?") And it would also be important for all the people to act 
      in harmony with this fact, which was of course not understood by them at 
      that time. In the prophetic drama, any rebellion against Moses and Aaron would be the same 
      as rebelling against the greater Moses and Aaron, Christ Jesus.
      
      Later there was an even greater, more serious rebellion against Moses, 
      when Korah, of the tribe of Levi, together with Dathan, Abiram, and On, 
      plus "two hundred and fifty men of the sons of Israel, chieftains of the 
      assembly, summoned ones of the meeting, men of fame," proceeded to rise up 
      against Moses. "So they 
      congregated themselves against Moses and Aaron and said to them: 'That is 
      enough of YOU, because the whole assembly are all of them holy and Jehovah 
      is in their midst. Why, then, should YOU lift yourselves up above the 
      congregation of Jehovah?'" (Num. 16:1-3) 
      
      Korah, Dathan, Abiram, On, and all their followers, "men of fame," wanted 
      to have the same authority and glory that Moses had been given. They 
      complained: where had his leadership taken them? Why were they not yet in that promised land, 
      instead of wandering around in the wilderness for so many years? Again the 
      question was raised: what made Moses so special? Was not the whole 
      assembly, all of them, holy, having Jehovah in their midst? Concerning 
      this rebellion and the seriousness of it, the Watchtower of 1965 had this 
      to say:
      
      "In the above-mentioned cases of the Israelites Korah, Dathan and Abiram, 
      we must remember that they were rebelling and speaking against typical or 
      prophetic figures. Both Moses as prophet and his brother Aaron as high 
      priest were types of Jesus Christ in similar offices. (Deut. 18:15-19; 
      Acts 3:20-23; Heb. 3:1, 2; 5:4-6; 9:23-26) When Jesus was on earth and was 
      being spoken against he said: “Whoever speaks a word against the Son of 
      man, it will be forgiven him; but whoever speaks against the holy spirit, 
      it will not be forgiven him, no, not in the present system of things nor 
      in that to come.” (Matt. 12:32) Korah, Dathan and Abiram were speaking 
      against the two men, Moses and Aaron, who were types or prophetic figures 
      of the Son of man, Jesus Christ." 
      —w65 2/1 pp. 81-82 
      Part Two 
      
      (bold mine)
      
      Notice the point the Watchtower makes: 
		
      Korah, Dathan 
      and Abiram were speaking against the two men, "Moses and Aaron, who 
      were types or prophetic figures of the Son of man, Jesus Christ." Yes, 
      Moses and Aaron were prophetic figures of Jesus Christ, but never were 
      they types or prophetic figures of any of God's chosen ones, including the 
      twelve apostles. (Heb. 3:1-3; 5:4-5) 
      
      Professing or desiring equal authority to that what Moses and 
      Aaron had would be the same as anyone claiming to share in Jesus' authority, 
      when Jehovah had not yet given it. It would amount to the same rebellion that Korah, Dathan and Abiram 
      became guilty of. 
      Even though these "things went on befalling them as examples," and "were 
      written for a warning to us upon whom the ends of the system of things 
      have arrived," yet, today we have those in God's household who do not shy 
      away from doing exactly that. They covet the authority and glory Jehovah has 
      bestowed upon his Son, "authority in heaven and on earth." (Matt. 28:18; 
      1 Cor. 10:11) 
      
      
      Who, today, in the greater 
      picture leads God's people the way Moses did? The Watchtower answers: "God used 
      Moses to deliver Israel from Egyptian bondage, even as Jesus brings about 
      spiritual liberation." —w91 
		9/15 p. 21 
      How Christ’s Transfiguration Affects You. 
		
      
      
      Yes, it is Jesus that leads us and brings about our spiritual 
      liberation. But the modern day Korah, Dathan and Abiram desire the same 
      authority as Jehovah has entrusted to Jesus. Says the Watchtower:
      
      "The Israelites 
      murmured vehemently against Moses and Aaron when 10 of the 12 spies sent 
      out to search the land of Canaan brought back bad reports. They even 
      talked about replacing Moses as their head and going back to Egypt. 
      (Numbers 14:1-4) Today, do we accept the leadership that is given to us 
      through the action of Jehovah’s holy spirit? From seeing the bountiful 
      spiritual table that is provided by the faithful and discreet slave class, 
      it is clear whom Jesus is using to dispense “food at the proper time.” 
      (Matthew 24:45) Whole-souled dedication to Jehovah requires us to show 
      respect for his appointed servants. May we never become like some 
      modern-day murmurers who have turned to a new head, so to speak, to lead 
      them back into the world."
      
      —w95 3/1 pp. 17-18 
      Living Up to Our Dedication “Day After Day” 
		
      (bold mine)
      
      If 
      Moses and Aaron were prophetic figures of Jesus Christ, then who 
      prefigured the ones who claim equal authority with Jesus today? Has 
      Jehovah arranged for a "faithful and discreet slave class" to have the same authority as the 
      greater Moses, Jesus, has? Is Christ Jesus sharing his leadership of us 
      with others? This is what the Watchtower says:
      
      "How are we 
      blessed? Well, while millions within Christendom suffer from spiritual 
      famine, we can be “radiant over the goodness of Jehovah.” (Jeremiah 31:12) 
      Through Jesus Christ and 'the faithful and discreet slave,' Jehovah has 
      provided a bountiful supply of spiritual food that helps us to remain on 
      'the road leading off into life.'" (Matthew 7:13, 14; 24:45; John 17:3)
      —11/1 
      pp. 28-29 “The Blessing of Jehovah—That Is What Makes Rich”
      
       (bold 
      mine)
      
      Who, besides 
      Moses, did Jehovah use to lead his people on the way to the promised land? In Moses' time 
      the above article might have read, had Jehovah allowed the rebels their 
      way: 
      "Through [Moses] and [Korah, Dathan and Abiram], Jehovah has provided a 
      bountiful supply of spiritual food that helps us to remain on the road 
      leading off [into the promised land]." O how those rebels would have 
      cherished that. Is that not 
      what motivated them to oppose Moses? They wanted to share in his glory and 
      authority. Did they not claim that 
      "the whole assembly are all of them holy and Jehovah is in their midst?" 
      Were they not just as good as Moses? Could they not be trusted the same 
      that Jehovah trusted Moses? Says the Watchtower:
      
      "In addition,
      trusting in Jehovah means trusting those whom he trusts. For 
      example, Jehovah has arranged for “the faithful and discreet slave” to 
      care for the earthly Kingdom interests. (Matthew 24:45-47) We do not 
      try to go it alone, and we do not ignore that appointment, for we trust in 
      Jehovah’s arrangement." 
      —w03 
      3/1 p. 17 Trust in Jehovah With All Your Heart 
      (bold mine)
      
      Those who are leading God's people today claim to have been appointed by 
      Jehovah, just as Moses had been. It is said to be "Jehovah's arrangement." 
      Although they acknowledge that Moses 
      
      was a prophetic 
      type of the Son of man, Jesus Christ, they do not hesitate to apply the 
      prophetic figure also to themselves, for they insist that questioning 
      their leadership is the same as what Korah, Dathan and Abiram were guilty 
      of. They have clearly become presumptuous and there will certainly be serious consequences 
      for them.
      A President 
      Entrusted With All God's House?
      
      "Is it just by Moses alone that Jehovah has spoken? 
		Is it not by us also that he has spoken?"
      
      —Numbers 12:2
      Today Jehovah has not 
		appointed anyone to take the place of his Son Christ Jesus to lead his 
		people, as foreshadowed by Moses. 
      To claim otherwise 
		would be following the wicked example of the rebels Korah, Dathan 
      and Abiram, yes, even Miriam and Aaron. After the disciples had again argued among themselves over 
      which one of them seemed the greatest, Jesus admonished them, saying, "You 
      know that the rulers of the nations lord it over them and the great men 
      wield authority over them. This is not the way among you; but whoever 
      wants to become great among you must be your minister, and whoever wants 
      to be first among you must be your slave." 
      (Matthew 20:25-27)
      
      
      Jesus' words to his disciples did not allow for a worldly corporation with 
      its President and board of directors, which is patterned after the 
      political system of the land and formed out 
      of necessity to fulfill the requirements of the law, to "lord it 
      over" his people. That would be bringing the way of the world into 
      the Christian congregation, in imitation of the "rulers of the nations." 
      (Luke 22:24-26) But 
      that is exactly what happened in the early days of the Society. Explains the 
      Watchtower: 
      
      
      "To 
      give the Bible Students legal status, Zion's Watch Tower Society was 
      incorporated in 1884 in the
      United States, with headquarters in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Its 
      directors served as a central Governing Body, overseeing the global 
      preaching of God's Kingdom." 
      —The Watchtower, 
      
      February 1, 1999, on page 17. (see Box "A 
      Board of Directors") 
      
		
      Contrary to 
		what it says, the directors of the Society did not form a "central 
		Governing Body" at that time. That did not take place until 1971 and 
		1975 when the operation of the Society was reorganized. 
		Upon the death of the first president, Charles Taze Russell in 1916, J. F. 
      Rutherford gained control of the corporation and began to exercise absolute 
      authority over God's people, claiming that he received this authority 
      from Christ himself, who he insisted had already returned to inspect God's people and found 
      him and his board of directors of the corporation "faithful 
      and discreet." 
      
      
      Anyone who opposed his actions was dismissed as an "evil slave," although 
      the dissenter also might have professed to have the heavenly calling the 
      same as Rutherford did. 
      Jehovah expressed his anger by sending president Rutherford and his seven  associate directors  to 
      a federal penitentiary. 
      During the 
      time the Society’s officials were in prison, a committee was named by 
      Brother Rutherford to act in his stead. The brothers could not function, 
      it seems, without having a visible leader. 
      (see Box "Was 
      there a Governing Body in Jerusalem?")
      
      Although they acknowledged that their 
      suffering was an expression of God's anger they failed to get the sense 
      of it, even suggesting that perhaps one reason might have been because of 
      "the cutting of pages from The Finished Mystery," in 
      compromise to please those who had assumed the position of censor. (see 
      Box "A 
      New Outlook") 
      Although they had been sentenced for twenty years why did Jehovah allow them to be freed the following year? Because 
      it was not yet the time for him to judge his household. He allowed them 
      time to repent and make the needed adjustments. As the apostle Peter tells us: "Jehovah 
      is not slow respecting his promise, as some people consider slowness, but 
      he is patient with YOU because he does not desire any to be destroyed but 
      desires all to attain to repentance." 
      (2 Peter 3:9) 
      
      
      
      Jehovah gave the rebels time to repent and this also afforded time to 
      have the "good news of the kingdom preached in all the inhabited earth for 
      a witness to all the nations," before finally the end would come. To 
      their credit this they did with great zeal. However, God knew 
      that, as the years progressed, it would become more and more evident that his approval was 
      not upon the arrangement of those who asserted that the master had already entrusted them 
      with all his belongings. (see Box 
      "How 
      the Governing Body Differs From a Legal Corporation") 
      With time problems would develop and increase, complicating 
      our lives and transforming our joyful worship into a heavy burden, as our deviation from 
		God's Word would become evident. (Matt. 23:2-4; Col. 2:18,19)
      
      And as their interpretation of prophecies, 
      which at first brought excitement and motivated zeal, went unfulfilled and 
      turned to disappointment,  God's people would start to wonder and question the 
      authority of those who had assumed it. In turn, those being 
      challenged would find it necessary to become ever more authoritarian, 
		 
      "subduing according to their powers." (Jer. 5:31) 
      Yes, Jehovah foreknew all this. Wickedness within the congregations would 
      take a back seat to the importance of being loyal to the self-appointed 
      "faithful and discreet slave." In other words, as long as a person loyally 
      supported the arrangements, as put in place by this slave, he would 
      prosper within the congregation, even though he might be given to a lot of 
      wine, a slanderer, disorderly, unsociable, haughty, not qualified to 
      teach, a smiter, unreasonable, belligerent, a lover of money, greedy for 
      dishonest gain, poor example in presiding over his own family, etc. etc. 
      (1 Tim. 3:2-10) 
      
      Some congregations may have more than their share of these 
      types of individuals who are taking the lead among them. They would not hesitate to beat their 
      fellow slaves, even expelling anyone who would dare question the arrangement 
      and the teachings of the "faithful and discreet slave." But the 
      master will settle accounts with them, upon his sudden and unexpected 
      arrival, while finding them in the act of beating his slaves, precious 
      members of his household. (Matt. 24:44,48-51)
      The Greatest Sin of 
      All
		"O Jehovah our God, other masters besides you have acted as
      owners of us. By you only shall we make mention of your name." 
      
      —Isaiah 
      26:13
      By far the most serious transgression of all is that they have displaced 
      the holy spirit as the helper that Jesus promised to send his disciples. 
      He said: "But the helper, the holy spirit, which the Father will send in 
      my name, that one will teach YOU all things and bring back to YOUR minds 
      all the things I told YOU." (John 14:16-17, 26; 15:26) Note what the 
      Watchtower says about how the holy spirit was active in the first century:
      
      "Through his powerful holy spirit, Jehovah, along with the resurrected 
      Jesus, directed the preaching activity. (John 14:28; 15:26) When the 
      spirit was poured out on Cornelius, his relatives, and his intimate 
      friends, the apostle Peter recognized that uncircumcised Gentiles could 
      qualify to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. (Acts 10:24, 44-48) 
      Later, the spirit played a key role in appointing Barnabas and Saul (the 
      apostle Paul) for missionary activity and in directing where they should 
      and should not go. (Acts 13:2, 4; 16:6-7) It directed the decision-making 
      process of the apostles and older men in Jerusalem. (Acts 15:23, 28-29) 
      Holy spirit also guided the appointment of overseers in the Christian 
      congregation. —Acts 20:28." 
      —The Watchtower, 
      
      April 1, 2001, on page 13,
      The Word of Jehovah Went On Growing.
      
      Note how it acknowledges that Jehovah had send the helper, the holy 
      spirit, as Jesus had promised, to direct the preaching activity in the 
      first century. It was not a central governing body in Jerusalem, but 
      rather the holy spirit that appointed Paul and Barnabas for their 
      missionary activity. Please notice how the holy spirit appointed Barnabas 
      and Paul in a real way. At Acts 13:2 it reads, "As they were publicly 
      ministering to Jehovah and fasting, the holy spirit said: "Of all 
      persons set Barnabas and Saul apart for me for the work to which I have 
      called them." It was the holy spirit in action, communicating, making a decision. 
      That is why the account goes on to say, "Accordingly these 
      men, sent out by the holy spirit, went down to Seleucia, and from 
      there they sailed away to Cyprus." (verse 4)
      
      Further, it was the holy spirit who directed them as to where they should 
      or should not go. "Moreover, they went through Phrygia and the country of 
      Galatia, because they were forbidden by the holy spirit to speak 
      the word in the [district of] Asia. Further, when getting down to Mysia 
      they made efforts to go into Bithynia, but the spirit of Jesus did not 
      permit them. So they passed Mysia by and came down to Troas. And 
      during the night a vision appeared to Paul: a certain Macedonian 
      man was standing and entreating him and saying: 'Step over into Macedonia 
      and help us.' Now as soon as he had seen the vision, we sought to go forth 
      into Macedonia, drawing the conclusion that God had summoned us to 
      declare the good news to them." (Acts 16:6-10) 
      
      Yes, the holy spirit was a real force, a helper to Jesus' disciples, under 
      his direction even communicating by means of visions. 
		
      And it was 
      the holy spirit who appointed the overseers in the congregations, not 
      merely guiding the appointments, as the Watchtower suggests. Paul 
      said: "Pay attention to yourselves and to all the flock, among which 
      the holy spirit has appointed you overseers, to shepherd the 
      congregation of God, which he purchased with the blood of his own Son." 
      (Acts 20:28) 
      
      How did the holy spirit appoint elders? Not just any man was appointed to 
      that position. In the various congregations that were being formed the 
      holy spirit indicated who among the brothers would qualify as overseers. 
      It was at work in the individuals, energizing and creating in them the 
      power and desire to work for the good of the congregation. (Phil. 2:13; Amplified Bible) Paul wrote down the qualifications to look for in such men when writing to 
      Timothy and Titus, in order for the holy spirit not to be grieved by 
      perhaps side-stepping what it was indicating, and not appoint just any 
      man due to favoritism. (1 Tim. 3:1-13; Titus 1:5-9) Such men who were appointed by holy spirit were a real blessing to 
      all the members in the congregation, for they had in abundance the 
      fruitage of the spirit, namely, "love, joy, peace, long-suffering, 
      kindness, goodness, faith, mildness, self-control." (Gal. 5:22,23; Eph. 4:30;
      1 Thess. 5:19)
      
      Today, who appoints the elders in their various congregations, even when 
		some don't meet the scriptural qualifications, for we have added as more 
		important some of our own, such as a certain amount of hours spent in the 
		preaching activity? We have come to accept that the holy spirit is no 
		longer active in the way that it was in the first century. And is it any 
		wonder? Is there any room for the holy spirit to direct us 
		today? What if it set aside and appointed certain ones to preach in a 
		particular area, like it did Paul and Barnabas? What if Jehovah chooses 
		to use an anointed servant apart from the governing body members? Who 
		would allow that? Does not the governing body have greater authority 
		today than the holy spirit? 
		
		Many among us are convinced that we need a governing body because 
		we "should all speak in agreement, and that there should not be 
		divisions among [us], but that [we] may be fitly united in the same mind 
		and in the same line of thought." (1 Cor. 1:10,11) But is listening to a group of men 
		really what ensures our unity? Is it not rather 
		Jehovah through his spirit who teaches us and unites us to be "in the 
		same mind and in the same line of thought"? (Eph. 4:3-6)
		
		"God's Spirit has shown you everything. His Spirit finds out everything, 
		even what is deep in the mind of God. You are the only one who knows 
		what is in your own mind, and God's Spirit is the only one who knows 
		what is in God's mind. But God has given us his Spirit. That's why we 
		don't think the same way that the people of this world think. That's 
		also why we can recognize the blessings that God has given us.
 
		"Every word we speak was taught to us by God's Spirit, not by human 
		wisdom. And this same Spirit helps us teach spiritual things to 
		spiritual people." —1 Corinthians 2:10-13, Contemporary English Version.
		
		The governing body has "resisted" God's spirit in 
		their attempt to unify his people. (Acts 7:51) For the sake of unity loyalty to the organization is demanded, 
		equating it with loyalty to God.
      Unity at All Cost?
		"I urge you, my 
		brothers and sisters, for the sake of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, 
		to agree to live in unity with one another and put to rest any division 
		that attempts to tear you apart. Be restored as one united body living 
		in perfect harmony." 
		
      —1 Corinthians 1:10, TPT.
      Unity, or oneness of the faith, is important for God's people if they are 
      to enjoy peace. Deviating from God's Word of truth will disrupt any 
      unity. Therefore, is it not vital that we unitedly listen and obey the 
      ones who are taking the lead over us? Regarding this the 
      Watchtower notes:
      
      First, since 
      “oneness” is to be observed, a mature Christian must be in unity and full 
      harmony with fellow believers as far as faith and knowledge are concerned. 
      He does not advocate or insist on personal opinions or harbor private 
      ideas when it comes to Bible understanding. Rather, 
      he has complete confidence in the truth as it is 
      revealed by Jehovah God through his Son, Jesus Christ, and “the faithful 
      and discreet slave.” By regularly taking in the spiritual food 
      provided “at the proper time”—through Christian publications, meetings, 
      assemblies, and conventions—we can be sure that we maintain “oneness” with 
      fellow Christians in faith and knowledge.—Matthew 24:45. —w01 
      8/1 p. 14, Make Your Advancement Manifest 
      (bold mine)
      
      If our unity is disrupted, who really is the one responsible for that?
      If someone were to tell you that you must trust him the same as you trust 
      God and Christ, would that not raise your eyebrows? Is that not already an 
      untrustworthy statement? Should we have the same confidence in them as we 
      have in Jehovah and Jesus? What if what they reveal to us as truth 
      contradicts what God tells us? For example, they tell us that we must have 
      "complete confidence" in them, yet Jehovah tells us, at Psalms 146:3-4: 
      "Do not put your trust in nobles, Nor in the son of earthling man, to whom 
      no salvation belongs. His spirit goes out, he goes back to his ground; In 
      that day his thoughts do perish." Rather, in whom should we put our 
      confidence? It goes on to say: "Happy is the one who has the God of Jacob 
      for his help, Whose hope is in Jehovah his God." (verse 5) 
      
      
		Jehovah tells us that our salvation does not depend on any son of 
      earthling man, no human being, except Jesus who died for us. (John 3:16) We must trust only in Jehovah. The apostle Paul emphasizes that 
      fact by saying, "But let God be found true, though every man be found a 
      liar." (Rom. 3:4) Does the so-called "faithful and discreet slave" agree 
      with that? Do you? For the sake of unity should we accept everything they 
      do and teach? Could that not actually hinder us from worshipping "the 
		Father with spirit and truth"? (compare
      Matt. 23:2-5; John 4:23-24) Is it not presumptuous on their part to seat themselves beside 
      Jehovah and Jesus, in effect making themselves equal to them, demanding 
      that we all must have the same confidence in them as we do in Jehovah? (Isaiah 42:8; 
      2 Thess. 2:3-4) Can you think of anyone else who had that ambition? (Ezek. 28:2) Did not  
      Korah, Dathan and Abiram desire to be equal to Moses? But at least, they did not 
		demand to 
      be equal to God.
      
      
      If you feel that this assessment of the 
      self-appointed "faithful and discreet slave" is too harsh, perhaps you 
      should stop and reflect on whether you share Jehovah's view on the matter. 
      While 
      what they do 
		
      is 
      "horrible and shocking" 
      to our God, are you among those of his people who "like it that way?" 
      Remember that the religious leaders in Jesus' day also were held in high 
      esteem by the people, but that in no way agreed with Jehovah's and Jesus' 
      estimation of them. 
      "How terrible for you, teachers of the law 
      and Pharisees! You pretenders! You are like tombs that are painted white. 
      They look beautiful on the outside. But on the inside they are full of the 
      bones of the dead. They are also full of other things that are not pure 
      and clean. It is the same with you. On the outside you seem to be doing 
      what is right. But on the inside you are full of what is wrong. You 
      pretend to be what you are not." —Matt. 23:27-28, (New International Reader's Version) 
      
       
      
      
      The religious leaders represented God before the people.
      The priests were officiating at the temple as 
      Jehovah had instructed, they were offering up the sacrifices on behalf of 
      the people, and they kept the Sabbath and all the festivals. They taught 
      the people the Law, although liberally injecting their own commandments. 
      So, why did Jesus condemn them? Is there anything for us to learn from 
      that? You must realize 
      that if Jesus condemned people for certain matters two thousand years ago then surely he will still feel the 
      same about it today, in our modern age, for he and Jehovah have not 
      changed. Shouldn't you be bothered, yes, shocked, that we have come to 
      accept all the things being done in our midst, even "loving" it (NWT), and defending it, 
      yet at the same time denouncing the same things in Christendom? Is that 
      what unity is about?
      
      To many of Jehovah's people our worship of him has become burdensome. Have you heard anyone 
      expressing himself to the effect that if Armageddon were to come tomorrow 
      they would not "make it?" Do you, perhaps feel that way too, because you 
      can no longer keep up with all the meeting attendance, preparing for them, 
      personal study, reading all the literature, getting your expected quota of 
      hours for the month which is at least the congregation average? And 
      juggling this with your family obligations, financial difficulties, 
      struggling with poor health, old age or other infirmities? Jesus invited 
      his disciples to accept his yoke, as he said, "Take 
      my yoke upon YOU and learn from me, for I am mild-tempered and lowly in 
      heart, and YOU will find refreshment for YOUR souls. For my yoke is kindly 
      and my load is light." (Matt. 11:29-30) If you no longer find refreshment in 
      worshiping Jehovah, because your load has become burdensome and heavy, it 
      is not the yoke that Jesus has offered us. 
      
      The assignment that Jehovah has given us to do is enjoyable and refreshing. You 
      probably at one time rejoiced in it, even singing with happiness. What has 
      changed? The work has become oppressive because of having to be 
      accountable to others for the amount we do, when we can no longer do it to 
      the same extent we once were able. Regarding our "making gifts of mercy" Jesus 
      told us not to "let your left hand know what your right is doing." (Matt. 6:3) Concerning the making of gifts of mercy the Watchtower says that there is no 
      better way we can do that than by sharing the good news of the kingdom 
      with others. Why then are we required to report what we do in the 
      way of "making gifts of mercy" when Jesus exhorted us not to do that? If 
      there is a need to know how the preaching work is progressing in various parts 
      of the world, why not report time anonymously? But if that were the case 
      how could they judge our spirituality? As one elder said, if we don't 
      report our time, how would we know who qualifies as elder? I am not aware that much time spend in the 
      preaching work is a scriptural qualification to be an elder. There must be 
      a good reason why the holy spirit omitted that. I have seen elders who pioneered, 
      yet at the same time boast about the quality and size of their homemade wine cellar, which 
      rivaled that of any wine store. Does this not matter to Jehovah? How do you feel 
      about it?
      
      Another thing that makes us worse than the self-righteous religious 
      leaders of Jesus' day is in connection with reporting small amounts of time 
      spend in the preaching work. 
      When Jesus observed a needy widow drop two small coins of very little 
      value into the treasury chest, she did not first have to seek the priests' approval 
      for her contribution. The priests may have 
      sneered at her insignificant offering but at least she did not need their 
      consent. (Luke 21:1-4) Not like the poor publishers today who have to get the elders' 
      permission for dropping in only an insignificant 15 minutes of service for 
      the month. Is it right for anyone to place himself between Jehovah and 
      his people and decide on behalf of God what is and is not acceptable 
      offerings? There are those who view this arrangement as a blessing 
      from Jehovah. Is that how you view it? Do you like it that way?
      
      If someone wants to share in the preaching of the good news he first has 
      to get the permission of the elders. Who is it that has commanded us to 
      preach in the first place? Does anyone have the authority to stop or 
      hinder us? (compare
      Acts 4:18-20; 5:29) The same is true when a person wants to get baptized. Although 
      the elders know full well that baptism originated with God when he first 
      commissioned John the Baptist, and is a command that Jesus gave to his 
      disciples as part of their assignment, having to do with their relationship with God and their very 
      salvation, the elders have been instructed that the person who wants to 
      get baptized can only do so after meeting with them and getting their 
      approval. (Matt. 3:1-6; 28:19) Jesus said, "I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes 
      to the Father except through me." And yet another voice is heard at the 
      top, declaring, "And also only through us!" (see also
      John 10:7-15)
      
      What should we do? For the sake of unity should we accept their form of 
      worship, believing, as they say, that it is from Jehovah, and going 
      against them is the same as opposing God? Jehovah has made it very plain 
      how he feels about all this. He is shocked, not just at the 
      wickedness being committed among his people, but even more at the fact 
      that his people "like it that way." Are you among them?
"Sitting Content" or "Sad and Sorry"?
      Jehovah tells us that before the coming of his great day, his day of fury 
      at Armageddon, he will carefully examine his people and expose those who 
      are content with the way things are. Through his prophet Zephaniah he 
      foretold, "At that time I will search Jerusalem with lamps. I will punish 
      those who are so contented. They are like wine that has not been shaken 
      up. They think, 'The Lord won't do anything. It doesn't matter whether 
      it's good or bad.' Their wealth will be stolen. Their houses will be 
      destroyed. They will build houses. But they will not live in them. They 
      will plant vineyards. But they will not drink the wine they produce." —Zephaniah 1:12-13; (New International Reader's Version)
      
      Yes, Jehovah will expose all those within his household who are sitting 
      content like a bottle of wine that has not been shaken and the dregs (NWT), 
      which is the least desirable part of the wine, has not been disturbed. He 
      will maneuver events that will bring to light and reveal all the ones 
      among his people who are not disturbed by the things that he finds horrible and 
      shocking. They do not believe that Jehovah is still doing good things for his 
      people the way he did in "Bible times." Not seeing much evidence of holy 
      spirit in their lives or the congregations they feel that God is not doing 
      anything. Neither do they fear that he will do anything bad 
      to them. They are unconcerned by the thought of any future judgment, for 
      they have been convinced that they have already been judged, even though 
      nearly ninety years have passed. They are sitting at ease while waiting for God to destroy the 
      wicked in Christendom and the rest of this world. But suddenly Jehovah's 
      foretold judgment will come upon them, and they will 
      lose everything they have. Has Jehovah not warned them?
      
      While exposing those who are sitting content Jehovah is also taking note 
      of those among his people who are disturbed over all the terrible things 
      he sees. Regarding them he foretold by the prophet Ezekiel, "Then the Lord 
      called to the man who was dressed in linen clothes. He had the writing 
      kit. The Lord said to him, 'Go all through Jerusalem. Look for those who 
      are sad and sorry about all of the things that are being done there. I 
      hate those things. Put a mark on the foreheads of those people.'" (Ezek. 9:3-6; NIRV) 
      
      Are you among those who are "sad and sorry" (sighing and groaning, NWT) 
      because of the conditions within God's household? Don't let anyone beguile 
      you with their twisted reasoning to the effect that for the sake of unity 
      and in order to be loyal to Jehovah 
      you must like things the way they are. Make sure that you share Jehovah's attitude of the 
      situation. He hates those things. But all you who are sitting content, who 
      like it that way, take Jehovah's warning to heart. You will not be 
      concealed in the day of his anger unless you seek righteousness and 
      meekness, two things sorely lacking among his people today. Having 
      Jehovah's approval will mean  our survival at the time when 
      his judgment starts with his own household, and he will preserve alive 
      only 
      those who had the mark of being sad and sorry. (Zeph. 2:2,3; 
      1 Peter 4:17-18) Already a clear distinction is becoming evident between those 
      who sigh and groan and those who are sitting content, undisturbed, liking 
      it the way things are. 
      
      Jehovah is not requiring any action on our part, such as laying bare the 
      faults of our brothers, as if we have been empowered by him to judge 
      anyone. That would not be evidence of meekness. (Psalms 50:20-22; Rom. 14:10) He wants us to keep busy in the preaching assignment, for 
      that 
      honors him and it is the means by which he draws people to himself, while 
      at the same time proving to be a source of great joy to those engaged in 
      it, in 
      spite of the troublesome time we are living in. (2 Tim. 3:1-5) 
      
      Attend the meetings to the extent possible for they are still valuable for 
      training us for the preaching work, and there you can be a source of encouragement to others who are likewise in need of being 
      strengthened. Keep in mind that if Jehovah has not yet made present practices 
      and teachings an 
      issue, neither should we. He realizes that it is hard enough for us just 
      to endure. Paul encourages us this way, "Moreover [let us also be full of 
      joy now!] let us exult and triumph in our troubles and rejoice in our 
      sufferings, knowing that pressure and affliction and hardship produce 
      patient and unswerving endurance. And endurance (fortitude) develops 
      maturity of character (approved faith and tried integrity). And character 
      [of this sort] produces [the habit of] joyful and confident hope of 
      eternal salvation. Such hope never disappoints or deludes or shames us, 
      for God's love has been poured out in our hearts through the Holy Spirit 
      Who has been given to us." (Romans 5:3-5; Amplified Bible; Luke 21:19; Heb. 10:36)
      
      Jesus' words to the congregation in Ephesus are especially applicable to 
      us today, "I know all the things you do. I have seen your hard work and 
      your patient endurance. I know you don't tolerate evil people. You have 
      examined the claims of those who say they are apostles but are not. You 
      have discovered they are liars. You have patiently suffered for me without 
      quitting." —Revelation 2:2-3 (New Living Translation) 
      
      Don't let the present situation within God's household be a cause of 
      stumbling to you. Expect things to get worse, but don't allow that to rob 
      you of your joy. (2 Tim. 3:12,13) Continue to suffer "without quitting." 
      There is no need for endurance when times are good. Those of us who have 
      worshiped Jehovah for many decades can remember the good times, when we 
      wondered about the need to heed the scriptures about endurance. If you are 
      among those who are now "sad and sorry," those scriptures have taken on 
      new meaning. There is also a real need now to express in a positive way 
      our love for our fellow brothers. It is our love that unites us, 
      much more so than our teachings and practices. "But I don't need to write 
      to you about the Christian love that should be shown among God's people. 
      For God himself has taught you to love one another. Indeed, your love is 
      already strong toward all the Christians ... Even so, dear brothers and 
      sisters, we beg you to love them more and more." (1 Thessalonians 4:9-10; New 
      Living Translation) Elders in particular should heed those words of 
      the apostle Paul.
      
      There is no need to make things harder for yourself by being righteous 
      overmuch. (Ecclesiastes 7:16) Are you required to report your hours spent in 
      the ministry? Then doing so is not a sin for you, but rather for those who 
      demand it. And so it is with many other things they have put in place. 
      Perhaps Jesus' words to the crowds and his disciples can help us to have 
      some balance in this respect, "Do what they tell you to do and keep on 
      doing it. But do not follow what they do. They preach but do not obey 
      their own preaching." (Matt. 23:1-3) Patiently wait on Jehovah to rectify matters in his due time, and 
      be assured that he will.
      
      7 Be still. Be patient. Wait for the Lord to 
      act. 
             Don't be upset when other people succeed. 
             Don't be upset when they carry out their evil plans. 
      
      
      8 Keep from being angry. Turn away from 
      anger. 
             Don't be upset. That only leads to evil. 
      
      
      9 Sinful people will be cut off from the 
      land. 
             But it will be given to those who put their hope in the Lord. 
      
      
      10 In a little while, there won't be any 
      more sinners. 
             Even if you look for them, you won't be able to find them. 
      
      
      11 But those who are free of pride will be 
      given the land. 
             They will enjoy great peace.
      —Psalm 37:7-11; New International Reader's Version.
       
              
              Is Jehovah also the God of Christendom?
              In Matthew, Chapter 13, Jesus gave an 
              illustration about God's kingdom, saying that it was "like a man 
              that sowed fine seed in his field. While men were sleeping, his 
              enemy came and oversowed weeds in among the wheat, and left. When 
              the blade sprouted and produced fruit, then the weeds appeared 
              also. So the slaves of the householder came up and said to him, 
              ‘Master, did you not sow fine seed in your field? How, then, does 
              it come to have weeds?’ He said to them, ‘An enemy, a man, did 
              this.’ They said to him, ‘Do you want us, then, to go out and 
              collect them?’ He said, ‘No; that by no chance, while collecting 
              the weeds, YOU uproot the wheat with them. Let both grow together 
              until the harvest; and in the harvest season I will tell the 
              reapers, First collect the weeds and bind them in bundles to burn 
              them up, then go to gathering the wheat into my storehouse.’" 
              (Matt. 13:24-30)
              
              Later, in explaining the illustration to his disciples, Jesus 
              identified himself as the sower of the fine seed, and the fine 
              seed as "the sons of the kingdom;" whereas the weeds were "the 
              sons of the wicked one," and the enemy that sowed the weeds as 
              "the Devil." (Matt. 13:37-39)
              
              True to Jesus' illustration, early in the development of the 
              Christian congregation the Devil was busy sowing his weeds in 
              among the sons of the kingdom. (Acts 5:1-11; 20:29-30; 
              2 Cor. 11:4-5,13-15, 26; 
              1 Tim. 4:1) Those weeds, the sons of the Devil, 
              continued to multiply rapidly in numbers among the wheat, 
              threatening to choke out the sons of the kingdom. Satan introduced 
              misrepresentation about Jesus' relationship to his father, thus 
              raising questions about the identity of the Christ. He imported 
              popular lies from his other religions about the resurrection, the 
              condition of the dead and the true nature of the soul. Soon pagan festivals were adopted and 
              made acceptable by attaching Christ's name to them. In a few short 
              centuries the Devil had succeeded in oversowing the field with his 
              own form of worship that had their origin in his religion of 
              ancient Babylon. All the while the sons of the kingdom were 
              struggling to hold on to their worship as taught by Christ Jesus.
              
              On May 20, 325 C.E., at Nicaea in Asia Minor, Satan came to have 
              his own form of Pentecost, when Roman Emperor Constantine 
              inaugurated the Ecumenical Council of Nicaea, and "the sons of the 
              wicked one" were organized into Satan's household, growing into 
              what is now commonly referred to as Christendom. 
              
              Reading like a news report of the day, Chronicle of the 
              World (1989) says the following about that historic 
              occasion:
              The Emperor Constantine, 
              dressed in purple robes to stress the sacred nature of his power, 
              today inaugurated the Ecumenical Council of Nicaea. He has 
              summoned bishops from all over the empire to meet here to settle 
              the violent controversies which have been raging in the church for 
              the past seven years.
              
              The split has arisen because of the doctrine of an Alexandrian 
              priest, Arius, who questions the full divinity of Christ. Arius 
              argues that if Christ is the Son of God he cannot be eternal since 
              he had a beginning. Therefore he was not wholly God, but was 
              inferior to God the Father. What began as an academic theological 
              debate has spread to Christian congregations throughout the empire 
              and there is a real danger of a lasting schism. Constantine is now 
              using his skills as a peacemaker in the spiritual sphere; his 
              advisers have devised a compromise solution which looks likely to 
              carry the Council.
              
              He is urging the adoption of a new creed which affirms that Christ 
              "is of one substance with the Father". Superficially this looks 
              like a victory for the orthodox church over the Arians. In fact 
              the cleverly-worded creed is much more ambiguous, and many leading 
              Arians have already said that they are prepared to adopt it. As 
              the Council opens there is a hard core of 200 Arians opposing it, 
              but Constantine should win and achieve a strong unified church 
              barely 12 years after the persecutions.
              In view of the developments in 
              fulfillment of Jesus' illustration of the two sowers, the question 
              arises: Has Jehovah ever considered the weeds, the sons of the 
              Devil organized in Christendom, as belonging to him? Would he ever 
              express himself as being their God? To suggest that he does would 
              be highly offensive to him. In the time of his people the 
              Israelites, Jehovah never referred to himself as the God of 
              the Ammonites, Moabites, Edomites, or Midianites, although they 
              were all related to the Israelites. Jehovah is a faithful God. 
              Unlike his unfaithful people, who turned to other gods, Jehovah 
              never acknowledged or referred to other people as "my people." (see Amos 3:1,2; Psalms 147:19-20)
              
              If there are any in Christendom who want to worship the only true 
              God Jehovah they must first "get out from among them, and separate 
              [themselves]." Only then can they be his people, his sons and 
              daughters, and he be their father. Why? Because there can be no 
              harmony between Christ and the Devil and the two types of seeds 
              sown by them. (2 Cor. 6:14-18) 
               
 
              
              
              
              
              "How 
              Was Jesus Christ a Prophet Like Moses?"
              
              
              In Their Early Years
Both Moses and Jesus escaped the slaughter of very young male children. The infant Moses was concealed among the reeds on the banks of the Nile River and thus escaped the slaughter of Israelite male babies as ordered by Pharaoh of Egypt. As a young child, Jesus also escaped the slaughter of males up to two years old in Bethlehem and its districts. This massacre was ordered by King Herod the Great, who, like Pharaoh, was an enemy of God and His people.—Exodus 1:22, 2:1-10; Matthew 2:13-18.
A mild-tempered, or meek, spirit was displayed by both Moses and Jesus. Though he was reared as a son in the household of a powerful king of Egypt, Moses came to be “by far the meekest of all the men who were upon the surface of the ground.” (Numbers 12:3) Comparably, Jesus had served as the mighty prince Michael in heaven but humbly came to the earth. (Daniel 10:13; Philippians 2:5-8) Moreover, Jesus had compassion for people and could say: “Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am mild-tempered and lowly in heart, and you will find refreshment for your souls.”—Matthew 11:29; 14:14.
For the sake of Jehovah’s service, both Moses and Jesus left behind prominent positions and great riches. To serve Jehovah and His people, Moses gave up wealth and a prestigious place in Egypt. (Hebrews 11:24-26) Similarly, Jesus left behind a greatly favored position and riches in heaven so as to serve God and His people on the earth.—2 Corinthians 8:9.
Moses and Jesus both became God’s anointed ones. The prophet Moses served as Jehovah’s anointed one to the nation of Israel. As the apostle Paul said, Moses “esteemed the reproach of [being] the Christ [anointed one] as riches greater than the treasures of Egypt.” (Hebrews 11:26; Exodus 3:1–4:17) When did Jesus become the Christ, or anointed One? This occurred when he was anointed with God’s holy spirit, or active force, upon being baptized. To the Samaritan woman at Jacob’s fountain at Sychar and before Israel’s high priest when on trial, Jesus testified that he was the Messiah, or Christ.—Mark 14:61, 62; John 4:25, 26.
Both Moses and Jesus fasted for 40 days. Early in his career as God’s spokesman, Moses fasted for 40 days while in the mountain of Sinai. (Exodus 34:28) Jesus fasted for 40 days in the wilderness and then resisted satanic temptation early in his career as the promised Messiah.—Matthew 4:1-11.
Both Men Glorified Jehovah
Jehovah used both Moses and Jesus to magnify His holy name. God told Moses to go to the Israelites in the name of ‘Jehovah the God of their forefathers.’ (Exodus 3:13-16) Moses represented God before Pharaoh, who was kept in existence so that Jehovah’s power could be shown and His name declared in all the earth. (Exodus 9:16) Jesus likewise came in Jehovah’s name. For instance, Christ said: “I have come in the name of my Father, but you do not receive me.” (John 5:43) Jesus glorified his Father, made Jehovah’s name manifest to the men God gave him, and made it well-known on the earth.—John 17:4, 6, 26.
By divine power, Moses and Jesus both performed miracles that glorified God. Moses performed miracles to prove that he was commissioned by Jehovah God. (Exodus 4:1-31) Throughout his career, Moses, who was used by God to part the Red Sea, continued to perform miracles that glorified Jehovah. (Exodus 5:1–12:36; 14:21-31; 16:11-18; 17:5-7; Psalm 78:12-54) Similarly, Jesus brought glory to God by performing many miracles. So much was that the case that Jesus could say: “Believe me that I am in union with the Father and the Father is in union with me; otherwise, believe on account of the works themselves.” (John 14:11) Among his miracles was that of causing a violent windstorm to abate, so that the Sea of Galilee became calm.—Mark 4:35-41; Luke 7:18-23.
Other Important Similarities
Moses and Jesus were both associated with a miraculous provision of food. Moses was Jehovah’s prophet when food was miraculously provided for the Israelites. (Exodus 16:11-36) Similarly, on two occasions of Bible record, Jesus miraculously fed multitudes with material food.—Matthew 14:14-21; 15:32-38.
Manna from heaven was linked with the service of both Moses and Jesus. Moses was leading the Israelites when they were provided with manna from heaven, as it were. (Exodus 16:11-27; Numbers 11:4-9; Psalm 78:25) In a comparable but highly important way, Jesus provided his own flesh as manna from heaven for the life of obedient mankind.—John 6:48-51.
Both Moses and Jesus led people out of bondage into freedom. Moses was used by God to lead the Israelites out of bondage to the Egyptians and into freedom as His people. (Exodus 12:37-42) Similarly, Jesus Christ has been leading his followers into freedom. Christ will yet lead obedient mankind into freedom from bondage to the organization of Satan the Devil, as well as from sin and death.—1 Corinthians 15:24-26; Colossians 1:13; 1 John 5:19.
Moses and Jesus both mediated covenants. Moses was the mediator of the Law covenant, between Jehovah God and the Israelites. (Exodus 19:3-9) Jesus is the Mediator of the new covenant, between God and spiritual Israel.—Jeremiah 31:31-34; Luke 22:20; Hebrews 8:6-13.
Judging was committed to both Moses and Jesus Christ. Moses served as judge and lawgiver to fleshly Israel. (Exodus 18:13; Malachi 4:4) Jesus serves as Judge and has given the spiritual “Israel of God” its laws and commandments. (Galatians 6:16; John 15:10) Christ himself said: “The Father judges no one at all, but he has committed all the judging to the Son, in order that all may honor the Son just as they honor the Father. He that does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who sent him.”—John 5:22, 23.
Both Moses and Jesus were entrusted with headship over God’s house. Moses was faithful as the head over the house of God in ancient Israel. (Numbers 12:7) Comparably, Jesus was made the Head of Jehovah’s spiritual house of sons and has proved faithful over it. Indeed, Jesus “was faithful to the One that made him such, as Moses was also in all the house of that One. For the latter is counted worthy of more glory than Moses, inasmuch as he who constructs it has more honor than the house... Moses as an attendant was faithful in all the house of that One as a testimony of the things that were to be spoken afterwards, but Christ was faithful as a Son over the house of that One. We are the house of that One, if we make fast our hold on our freeness of speech and our boasting over the hope firm to the end.”—Hebrews 3:2-6.
                   
              Even
              as to death, Moses and Jesus
              were alike. How so? Well, Jehovah removed Moses’ 
              body, thus preventing men from either profaning it or idolizing 
              it. (Deuteronomy 34:5-6; Jude 1:9) Similarly, God disposed of 
              Jesus’ body, not allowing it to see corruption and thus preventing 
              its becoming a stumbling block to faith.—Psalm 16:10; Acts 2:29-31; 
              1 Corinthians 15:50.
              —The Watchtower, November 15, 
              1991, 
      pp. 28-31, 
              "How 
              Was Jesus Christ a Prophet Like Moses?"
Jehovah used Moses and Aaron as prophetic types of Christ Jesus, and for that reason it was absolutely vital for them to remain within the bounds of whom they prefigured. Of course, they did not understand that, as Jehovah had not revealed it to them, but they did not need to know everything for as long as they followed God's instructions carefully they would prove faithful. On one occasion, though, Moses and Aaron failed to do that. Concerning what happened Insight On the Scriptures, page 438, says:
"Because of a water shortage the people began to quarrel bitterly with Moses, putting the blame on him for leading them up out of Egypt into the barren wilderness. Moses had endured much, putting up with the perverseness and insubordination of the Israelites, sharing their hardships, and interceding for them when they sinned, but here he momentarily lost his meekness and mildness of temper. Exasperated and embittered in spirit, Moses and Aaron stood before the people as Jehovah commanded. But instead of calling attention to Jehovah as the Provider, they spoke harshly to the people and directed attention to themselves, Moses saying: "Hear, now, you rebels! Is it from this crag that we shall bring out water for you?" With that, Moses struck the rock and Jehovah caused water to flow forth, sufficient for the multitude and their flocks. But God was displeased with the conduct of Moses and Aaron. They had failed of their primary responsibility, namely, to magnify Jehovah’s name. They "acted undutifully" toward Jehovah, and Moses had ‘spoken rashly with his lips.’ Later Jehovah decreed: "Because you did not show faith in me to sanctify me before the eyes of the sons of Israel, therefore you will not bring this congregation into the land that I shall certainly give them." —it-2 pp. 438-439 Moses
              Moses and Aaron had not just  
              failed to magnify Jehovah's name, they had stepped outside their 
              prophetic role of prefiguring Christ Jesus. In his moment of angry 
              outburst Moses took on Jehovah's role, namely that of claiming to 
              be the source of the water. It was Jehovah who was 
              the source of living water, not Moses. In Jeremiah's day Jehovah 
              told his apostate nation, "They have left even me, the source of 
              living water, in order to hew out for themselves cisterns, broken 
              cisterns, that cannot contain the water." (Jer. 2:13; 17:13) 
              
              Jehovah later used Jesus, like Moses, to provide life giving water. To 
              the Samaritan woman at the well Jesus said: "Whoever drinks from 
              the water that I will give him will never get thirsty at all, but 
              the water that I will give him will become in him a fountain of 
              water bubbling up to impart everlasting life." On another occasion 
              he told the crowd, "If anyone is thirsty, let him come to me and 
              drink. He that puts faith in me, just as the Scripture has said, 
              ‘Out from his inmost part streams of living water will flow.’" 
              Here Jesus made application to himself of how Moses was used at Meribah. 
              (Exodus 17:5-7; John 4:14; John 7:37; see the New World Translation with 
              marginal 
              references.) 
              
              The apostle Paul also makes this application: "I don't want you to 
              forget, dear brothers and sisters, what happened to our ancestors 
              in the wilderness long ago. God guided all of them by sending a 
              cloud that moved along ahead of them, and he brought them all 
              safely through the waters of the sea on dry ground. As followers 
              of Moses, they were all baptized in the cloud and the sea. And all 
              of them ate the same miraculous food, and all of them drank the 
              same miraculous water. For they all drank from the miraculous rock 
              that traveled with them, and that rock was Christ." (1 Cor. 10:1-4; New Living Translation) Clearly, Moses did not 
              picture Jehovah but rather Christ Jesus.
              
              Unlike Moses' failure on this one occasion, Jesus always gave Jehovah the credit for what he was 
              providing. (John 7:16, 29, 37; 8:26-29; 12:49) Had Jehovah simply dismissed and forgiven Moses' act of stepping out 
              of his prophetic role, even though momentarily, Moses would no 
              longer have been a suitable type of Christ Jesus, in spite of all 
              that Jehovah had done for him. But by not forgiving Moses this one 
              act of indiscretion the prophetic type remained intact. 
              
              On the other hand, because of whom Moses pictured, Jehovah was 
              willing to do things for him that he would not have done for 
              anyone else, such as the occasion when Moses asked to see 
              Jehovah's glory. Jehovah granted him the request because in the 
              greater fulfillment Christ would also see his glory when he would 
              appear before the person of Jehovah. (Ex. 33:18-23; Heb. 9:24)
              
 
                       
              The five members of the Editorial Committee as named in Russell’s 
              will were William E. Page, William E. Van Amburgh, Henry Clay 
              Rockwell, E. W. Brenneisen, and F. H. Robison. In addition, to 
              fill any vacancies, others were named—A. E. Burgess, Robert Hirsh, 
              Isaac Hoskins, G. H. Fisher, J. F. Rutherford, and John Edgar. 
              Page and Brenneisen, however, promptly resigned—Page because he 
              could not take up residence in Brooklyn, and Brenneisen (later the 
              spelling was changed to Brenisen) because he had to take up 
              secular work to support his family. Rutherford and Hirsh, whose 
              names were listed in the December 1, 1916, 
              Watch
              Tower, 
              replaced them as members of the Editorial Committee.
              
     According to the charter of the Watch Tower Society, 
              the board of directors was to be composed of seven members. The 
              charter provided for the surviving members of the board of 
              directors to fill a vacancy. So, two days after Russell’s death, 
              the board of directors met and elected A. N. Pierson to be a 
              member. The seven members of the board at that point were A. I. 
              Ritchie, W. E. Van Amburgh, H. C. Rockwell, J. D. Wright, I. F. 
              Hoskins, A. N. Pierson, and J. F. Rutherford. The seven-member 
              board then elected the Executive Committee of three.
              
     At the annual meeting held on January 5, 1918, 
              the seven persons receiving the highest number of votes were J. F. 
              Rutherford, C. H. Anderson, W. E. Van Amburgh, A. H. Macmillan, W. 
              E. Spill, J. A. Bohnet, and G. H. Fisher. From these seven board 
              members, the three officers were chosen—J. F. Rutherford as 
              president, C. H. Anderson as vice president, and W. E. Van Amburgh 
              as secretary-treasurer. 
              
              
              —jv 
              chap. 6,  A Time of Testing (1914-1918)  
              
              
              
              
              Was there a Governing Body in Jerusalem?
              "The disciples bickered 
				over which one of them would be considered the greatest in the 
				kingdom. 
              25 
				Jesus interrupted their argument, saying, 'The kings and men of 
				authority in this world rule oppressively over their subjects, 
				claiming that they do it for the good of the people. They are 
				obsessed with how others see them. 
              26 
				But this is not your calling. You will lead by a different 
				model. The greatest one among you will live as one called to 
				serve others without honor. The greatest honor and authority is 
				reserved for the one who has a servant heart.'" ―Luke 22:24-26,
				TPT.
				
				The Society claims that there 
              existed a governing body in Jerusalem, made up of the apostles and 
              older men who exercised authority over all the congregations 
              throughout the Roman Empire. As evidence they like to refer to 
              what happened when the matter of circumcision became an issue for 
              the Gentile Christians and the apostles and older men ruled on the 
              matter with the help of the holy spirit. This is what Insight 
              on the Scriptures says on this:
              
				
              
				
              Organization of
              the Christian Congregation. While Christian 
              congregations of God were established in various places, they did 
              not function independently of one another. Instead, they all 
              recognized the authority of the Christian governing body at 
              Jerusalem. This governing body was comprised of the apostles and 
              older men of the Jerusalem congregation, there being no rival 
              bodies elsewhere seeking to supervise the congregation. It was to 
              the faithful Christian governing body of the first century C.E. 
				that the issue of circumcision was submitted for consideration. 
				When the governing body made its decision, as directed by the 
				holy spirit, that decision was accepted and became binding upon 
				all Christian congregations, these willingly submitting to 
				it.—Ac 15:22-31.
 —it-1 
				pp. 498-499 Congregation.
              Was the matter of circumcision taken to Jerusalem because there 
              was a “governing body” there? The apostle Paul and Barnabas had 
              been appointed to preach to the nations, not by any governing body 
              in Jerusalem, but directly by holy spirit. (Acts 13:2-4) Jehovah 
              had been blessing their preaching work among the Gentiles so that 
              many congregations were being formed. Now a problem arose. What 
              does the account in Acts tell us?
     "And certain men came down from Judea and began to teach the 
              brothers: 'Unless YOU get circumcised according to the custom of 
              Moses, YOU cannot be saved.'
              2 But when there had occurred no 
              little dissension and disputing by Paul and Barnabas with them, 
              they arranged for Paul and Barnabas and some others of them to go 
              up to the apostles and older men in Jerusalem regarding this 
              dispute.
              3 Accordingly, after being conducted partway by the congregation, 
              these men continued on their way through both Phoenicia and 
              Samaria, relating in detail the conversion of people of the 
              nations, and they were causing great joy to all the brothers. 
              4 On 
              arriving in Jerusalem they were kindly received by the 
              congregation and the apostles and the older men, and they 
              recounted the many things God had done by means of them. 
              5 Yet, 
              some of those of the sect of the Pharisees that had believed rose 
              up from their seats and said: 'It is necessary to circumcise them 
              and charge them to observe the law of Moses.'” —Acts 15:1-5.
              Note where the problem originated! Certain men from Judea, the 
              Jerusalem congregation, were visiting the Gentile brothers in 
              Antioch, Syria and Cilicia, causing them and the apostle Paul and 
              Barnabas much trouble by insisting that they, people of the 
              nations, needed to be circumcised and observe the law of Moses. As 
              the apostles and older men acknowledged, “some from among us have 
              caused you trouble with speeches, trying to subvert your souls, 
              although we did not give them any instructions.” (Acts 15:23-24) 
              The problem needed to be dealt with at the source. If there was a 
              governing body in Jerusalem then they were part of the problem.
              
              Jehovah had provided clear evidence by “the many signs and 
              portents” that he did through Paul and Barnabas among people of 
              the nations, that he was accepting them with no need for 
              circumcision or observing the law of Moses. Because of relating 
              their experiences, and the testimony of Peter and James, the holy 
              spirit enabled them to come to a unanimous decision. This decision 
              was then sent to all the congregations that had been affected by 
              the trouble makers. There is no evidence here of a governing body 
              that supervised all the congregations. The account in Acts simply 
              states that a problem arose in Jerusalem that was exported to the 
              brothers in other areas and it was handled by those where the 
              problem originated, as it should be.
              
              It is noteworthy that the apostle Peter (Cephas) and James (Jesus’ 
				half brother) were instrumental in being used to settle the 
				circumcision issue. Perhaps the holy spirit chose those two men 
				because it seems that they may well have been part of the 
				problem. This is evident in what Paul wrote in his letter to the 
				Galatians: 
              
                   
				"However, when 
              Cephas came to Antioch, I resisted him face to face, because he 
              stood condemned. 
              12 
              For before the arrival of certain men from James, he used to eat 
              with people of the nations; but when they arrived, he went 
              withdrawing and separating himself, in fear of those of the 
              circumcised class. 13 
              The rest of the Jews also joined him in putting on this pretense, 
              so that even Barnabas was led along with them in their pretense.” 
              —Galatians 2:11-14.
              
              Paul had to severely criticize Peter before all the brothers 
              “because he stood condemned” for his hypocritical attitude toward 
              the uncircumcised people of the nations, which was affecting the 
              other brothers in Antioch, including Paul’s companion Barnabas. 
              Peter himself was influenced in this by the men from James. And 
              this even after the circumcision issue had been settled. Yes, even 
              after Jehovah had sent Peter to the uncircumcised army officer of 
              the Italian band, Cornelius years earlier, and he saw the holy 
              spirit fall upon him and those with him, he still had a problem in 
              having God's view on matters. (Acts chapter 10) Because of Peter’s 
              influence “[the brothers] were not walking straight according to 
              the truth of the good news.” He had become a danger of corrupting 
              the brothers and was causing division. To Peter's credit, he 
              allowed himself to be corrected. 
              
              There is no evidence at all to suggest that any of the apostles or 
				older men in the Jerusalem congregation, as a governing body, 
				supervised any other congregations outside their district. If 
				anything, they sometimes contributed to the problems of the 
				brothers in other areas when they meddled in their affairs. And 
				there certainly is no evidence that Jesus ever acknowledged a 
				governing body. He himself appointed Saul to become the apostle 
				Paul―not  any governing body―and he dealt with each individual congregation also 
              personally, such as when he wrote his letters to the seven 
              congregations in Asia Minor. (Acts 9:3-19; Rev. 1:10-11; 2:1-29, 3:1-22)
              
				
              A NEW 
				 OUTLOOK
              
              As written in the 1975 Yearbook
              
				
 After their trialsome period of 1917-1919, Jehovah’s people subjected 
              themselves to scrutiny. Realizing that they had acted in ways that 
              did not meet with God’s approval, they sought forgiveness in 
              prayer repenting of their former course. This led to Jehovah’s 
              forgiveness and blessing.—Prov. 28:13.
              
				
              
				
              
				One compromise had been the cutting of pages from The 
              Finished Mystery, this to please those who had assumed 
              the position of censor. Another occurred when The Watch
              Tower of June 1, 1918, stated: “In accordance with the 
              resolution of Congress of April 2nd, and with the proclamation of 
              the President of the United States of May 11, it is suggested that 
              the Lord’s people everywhere make May 30th a day of prayer and 
              supplication.” Subsequent comments lauded the United States and 
              did not harmonize with the Christian position of neutrality.—John 15:19; Jas. 4:4.
              
				
              
				
              
				During World War 1 questions arose among the Bible Students as to 
              the position they should take regarding military service. Some 
              refused to participate in any way, whereas others accepted 
              noncombatant service. Related questions arose about whether to buy 
              war bonds and stamps. Failure to do so sometimes resulted in 
              persecution, even brutal treatment. When Jehovah’s servants of 
              today consider any program or activity of the nations, they act in 
              harmony with such Scriptural principles as that set forth at 
              Isaiah 2:2-4, which concludes with the words: “And they will have 
              to beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning 
              shears. Nation will not lift up sword against nation, neither will 
              they learn war anymore.”
              
				
              
				
              
				A new outlook. That is what 
				Jehovah’s people had as they entered the 1920’s. They had gone 
				through difficult years, but Christ’s anointed followers, the 
				symbolic “two witnesses,” were alive again spiritually and ready 
				for action. What led up to this? What took place in the months 
				immediately following the release of Brother Rutherford and his 
				seven associates from prison?
				
 
              —yb75 p. 119 
				United States of America (Part Two) 
              
              
              
              How the 
              Governing Body Differs From a Legal Corporation
              
              
              
              from The Watchtower, January 15, 2001, pp. 29-30
                  
				
 ... These questions were answered at the annual meeting held on 
              October 1, 1971. On that occasion, one of the speakers pointed out 
              that the governing body of “the faithful and discreet slave” 
              preceded the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania 
              by hundreds of years. (Matthew 24:45-47) A governing body was 
              formed at Pentecost of 33 C.E., more than 18 centuries before the
              Pennsylvania corporation came into existence. At first, the governing body consisted 
              of, not 7 men, but 12 apostles. Evidently, its number was enlarged 
              later, for “the apostles and older men in
              Jerusalem” were taking the lead.—Acts 15:2.
              
     
              
				
              
				In 1971 the same speaker explained that the members of 
              the Watch Tower Society could not vote in the members of the 
              anointed Governing Body. Why? “Because,” he said, “the governing 
              body of the ‘slave’ class is not appointed by any man. It is 
              appointed by ... Jesus Christ, the Head of the true Christian 
              congregation and the Lord and Master of the ‘faithful and discreet 
              slave’ class.” Clearly, then, the members of the Governing Body 
              cannot be voted into office by the membership of any legal 
              corporation.
              
     
              
				
              
				Continuing, the speaker made this very significant 
              statement: “The governing body does not have officers such as the 
              Society’s Board of Directors has, namely, president, vice 
              president, secretary-treasurer and assistant secretary-treasurer. 
              It has merely a chairman.” For many years, the president of the 
              Pennsylvania corporation was also the foremost member of the 
              Governing Body. This would no longer be the case. While not equal 
              in experience or ability, Governing Body members would be equal in 
              responsibility. The speaker added: “Any member of the governing 
              body can be chairman thereof without being at the same time the 
              president of the ... Society ... It all depends upon the 
              rotation system for the chairmanship in the governing body.”
              
     
              
				
              
				At that unforgettable annual meeting in 1971, a 
              distinction was clearly drawn between the spirit-anointed members 
              of the Governing Body and the directors of the Pennsylvania 
              corporation. Still, members of the Governing Body continued to 
              serve as directors and officers of the Society. Today, however, 
              the question arises: Is there any Scriptural reason why the 
              directors of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of 
              Pennsylvania must be members of the Governing Body?
              
     
              
				
              
				The answer is no. The Pennsylvania corporation is not 
              the only legal entity used by Jehovah’s Witnesses. There are 
              others. One is the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, 
              Incorporated. It facilitates our work in the United States. 
              Jehovah’s blessing has clearly been upon that corporation, though 
              its directors and officers have been mainly of the “other sheep.” 
              The International Bible Students Association is used in Britain. 
              Other legal entities are used to promote Kingdom interests in 
              other lands. All of them harmoniously assist and have a role to 
              play in getting the good news preached earth wide. No matter where 
              they are located or who serve as directors or officers, these 
              entities are theocratically guided and used by the Governing Body. 
              Hence, such entities have assigned tasks to perform in furthering 
              Kingdom interests.
              
    
 It is beneficial for us to have legal entities. We 
              thereby conform to local and national laws, as required by God’s 
              Word. (Jeremiah 32:11; Romans 13:1) Legal entities facilitate our 
              work of spreading the Kingdom message by printing Bibles, books, 
              magazines, brochures, and other material. Such entities also serve 
              as legal instruments to handle matters related to property 
              ownership, relief efforts, contracts for the use of convention 
              facilities, and so forth. We are thankful for the services of such 
              legal entities.
				
 
              —w01
              1/15 pp. 29-30  How the
              Governing Body Differs From a
              Legal Corporation.
And thus they came to make minor adjustments in their structure of ruling over God's people. Instead of all authority continuing in the hands of the President of a Legal Corporation of the land, as the case had been since Pastor Russell's time, now the authority would be shared by other members making up a Governing Body. This change cannot be said to have been made because of desiring to bring themselves into harmony with God's way, for there was no "Governing Body" among the early Christians, as they claim.